{
  "schema": "ab5d-dossier/1",
  "slug": "zach-lieberman",
  "name": "Zach Lieberman",
  "subtitle": "The poetry of code: openFrameworks, EyeWriter, and the algorithmic light of Box Light Studies.",
  "lede": "For more than two decades, Zach Lieberman has treated computation not as a tool but as a medium for lyrical expression, building the infrastructure of creative coding while producing works that make the invisible visible.",
  "url": "https://ab5d.xyz/artists/zach-lieberman/",
  "bibliography_url": "https://ab5d.xyz/artists/zach-lieberman/links/",
  "content_url": "https://ab5d.xyz/api/artists/zach-lieberman.json",
  "updated": "2026-06-23",
  "tier": "marquee",
  "editions": 100,
  "collections": 1,
  "otdh": {
    "rank": 305,
    "score": 3804,
    "collector_identities": 63,
    "holder_addresses": 63,
    "projects": 1,
    "current_works": 98,
    "raw_collector_days": 57515,
    "median_project_hold_days": 634,
    "snapshot_at": "2026-09-14T00:00:00.000Z",
    "methodology_url": "https://ab5d.xyz/artists/otdh/",
    "api_url": "https://ab5d.xyz/api/otdh/zach-lieberman"
  },
  "identity": {
    "artist": "Zach Lieberman",
    "website": "http://zach.li/",
    "based": "1977, New York City",
    "practice": null,
    "now": null,
    "raster": "https://www.raster.art/artist/zach-lieberman",
    "otdh": "[3,804 · rank 305 of 308](/artists/otdh/#artist-zach-lieberman)",
    "holding signal": "63 collector identities · 63 holder addresses · 57,515 raw collector-days · 14 Sep 2026",
    "collector tdh": "[zlTDH](/artists/zach-lieberman/zltdh/) · dashboard"
  },
  "socials": {
    "website": "http://zach.li/",
    "x": "@zachlieberman",
    "instagram": "zach.lieberman"
  },
  "profile_image_url": "https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/860186961579003904/fGVbWgDV_400x400.jpg",
  "profile_image_source": "https://x.com/zachlieberman",
  "works": [
    {
      "name": "Box Light Studies",
      "editions": 100,
      "supply": 100,
      "artblocks_slug": "box-light-studies-by-zach-lieberman",
      "url": "https://www.artblocks.io/collection/box-light-studies-by-zach-lieberman"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": null,
      "paragraphs": [
        "Zachary Lieberman is an artist, researcher, and educator whose simple stated goal is to surprise. Born in 1977, he holds a BA in Fine Arts from Hunter College and an MFA in Design and Technology from Parsons School of Design, where he later taught for more than a decade. His trajectory from printmaking and sculpture to computational art was catalyzed by an accidental encounter with Flash and ActionScript, which connected what he has described as the math and logic part of his brain to an already developed visual sensibility. What began as a practical necessity, learning to code for web design work, evolved into a lifelong practice of writing software as a form of poetry.",
        "Lieberman is perhaps best known as the co-creator of openFrameworks, an open-source C++ toolkit for creative coding first released in 2005 that has become foundational infrastructure for a generation of artists working with code. The project, developed with Theo Watson, was conceived as a simple, intuitive library that would lower barriers to entry for artists seeking to work with computation, embodying the same spirit of generosity Lieberman had encountered in early Flash communities and the printmaking studios of his student years. For this work, openFrameworks received an Honorary Mention at Ars Electronica in 2008, and it continues to thrive through the contributions of a global community of practitioners."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "From Gesture to Light",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Lieberman's artistic practice has consistently explored the amplification of human gesture through technology. In 2003, while artists in residence at the Ars Electronica Futurelab in Linz, Austria, Lieberman and Golan Levin created *Messa di Voce*, an interactive audiovisual installation in which the speech, shouts, and songs of two vocalists are radically augmented in real time by custom software, transforming every vocal nuance into complex, expressive graphics. The work has been presented in more than twenty venues across twelve countries and stands as a landmark in the history of interactive media art.",
        "Other major works include *Drawn*, an installation that redeems the hand trace of drawing by creating animated works freed from the sensation of automatism, and *Mas Que la Cara*, a public art installation in Downtown Houston that augments participants' faces with dynamically generated masks responding to their movements. His work has been exhibited at major institutions including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, the Exploratorium in San Francisco, and the Museum of Digital Art (MuDA) in Zurich."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "The EyeWriter and Social Practice",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Of all his projects, Lieberman has said that the EyeWriter holds the most personal value. Developed in 2009 with James Powderly, Evan Roth, Chris Sugrue, Theo Watson, and Tony TEMPT1 Quan, the EyeWriter is a low-cost, open-source eye-tracking system that enables people with paralysis to draw using only their gaze. The project was originally created to help the legendary graffiti artist TEMPT1, who was suffering from ALS, to paint again. Using a modified PlayStation Eye camera, infrared LEDs, and openFrameworks-based software, the team built a device that cost approximately fifty dollars, a fraction of the price of proprietary medical systems. TEMPT1's drawings were projected in real time onto buildings throughout Los Angeles, and the project won the Golden Nica in Interactive Art at Prix Ars Electronica in 2010, as well as being listed among Time Magazine's Best Inventions of the Year. The EyeWriter entered the permanent collection of MoMA and has been exhibited there multiple times, including in the landmark *Talk to Me* exhibition in 2011 and *This Is for Everyone: Design Experiments for the Common Good* in 2015-2016."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "Pedagogy and Institutional Life",
      "paragraphs": [
        "In 2013, after a decade of teaching at Parsons, Lieberman co-founded the School for Poetic Computation (SFPC) in New York, an artist-run school offering low-cost, intensive ten-week sessions that function as a hybrid of artist residency and seminar. At SFPC, students and faculty explore the intersections of code, design, hardware, and theory, with a particular emphasis on artistic intervention and the lyrical possibilities of computation. He currently serves as an adjunct associate professor at MIT's Media Lab, where he leads the Future Sketches research group, continuing to investigate the essence of code as a creative medium.",
        "His influence extends through the countless artists, students, and practitioners who have learned to think about code as a creative language through his teaching and his generosity in sharing ideas. Lieberman has been named one of Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People in Business and has received numerous awards including the Interactive Design of the Year from Design Museum London."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "Box Light Studies in the AB[500]",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Lieberman's contribution to the AB[500], *Box Light Studies*, consists of 100 editions of algorithmically generated light compositions. The series extends his long-standing fascination with how computational logic can generate organic, almost living visual phenomena, and how simple rules can evolve into complex, contemplative systems. Each output explores the behavior of light within bounded spaces, creating luminous geometries that feel simultaneously mathematical and poetic.",
        "The variety grid above demonstrates the range of outputs across the collection, from tightly geometric arrangements to more diffuse, atmospheric compositions. The work reflects Lieberman's commitment to what he calls daily sketching, a practice of making small artworks with code that he has maintained since 2016, posting them to social media as a way of saying hello to the world. This way of working openly, as he describes it, has radically reshaped his thinking about making and has become a model for a generation of computational artists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "Off-Platform Canonical Works",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Beyond the Art Blocks ecosystem, Lieberman's canon includes major works that have shaped the field of interactive and generative art. *Circles, Blobs, Ripples*, exhibited at Unit London in 2024, focuses on the three motifs that have come to define his singular style, testament to his mastery over mathematical systems and his ability to create moments of quiet reflection and contemplation. The *Daily Sketches* project, begun in 2016, represents a deliberate turn away from the exhibition object as primary output, treating Instagram as an intimate studio journal rather than a marketing platform."
      ]
    },
    {
      "heading": "Legacy and Influence",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Lieberman's influence on contemporary art and technology is difficult to overstate. Through openFrameworks, he helped build the infrastructure that enables thousands of artists to work with code; through the School for Poetic Computation, he has shaped the pedagogical model for alternative art education in the digital age; and through his daily practice of sharing sketches openly, he has modeled a way of being an artist online that prioritizes process over product and community over spectacle.",
        "His work has been recognized with a Golden Nica from Ars Electronica, Interactive Design of the Year from Design Museum London, inclusion in Time Magazine's Best Inventions, and a place on Fast Company's list of the 100 Most Creative People in Business. Yet his significance arguably lies less in individual accolades than in the ecosystem he has helped cultivate: a global community of practitioners who have learned to think about code as a creative language through his tools, his teaching, and his example."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "body_markdown": "Zachary Lieberman is an artist, researcher, and educator whose simple stated goal is to surprise. Born in 1977, he holds a BA in Fine Arts from Hunter College and an MFA in Design and Technology from Parsons School of Design, where he later taught for more than a decade. His trajectory from printmaking and sculpture to computational art was catalyzed by an accidental encounter with Flash and ActionScript, which connected what he has described as the math and logic part of his brain to an already developed visual sensibility. What began as a practical necessity, learning to code for web design work, evolved into a lifelong practice of writing software as a form of poetry.\n\nLieberman is perhaps best known as the co-creator of openFrameworks, an open-source C++ toolkit for creative coding first released in 2005 that has become foundational infrastructure for a generation of artists working with code. The project, developed with Theo Watson, was conceived as a simple, intuitive library that would lower barriers to entry for artists seeking to work with computation, embodying the same spirit of generosity Lieberman had encountered in early Flash communities and the printmaking studios of his student years. For this work, openFrameworks received an Honorary Mention at Ars Electronica in 2008, and it continues to thrive through the contributions of a global community of practitioners.\n\n## From Gesture to Light\n\nLieberman's artistic practice has consistently explored the amplification of human gesture through technology. In 2003, while artists in residence at the Ars Electronica Futurelab in Linz, Austria, Lieberman and Golan Levin created *Messa di Voce*, an interactive audiovisual installation in which the speech, shouts, and songs of two vocalists are radically augmented in real time by custom software, transforming every vocal nuance into complex, expressive graphics. The work has been presented in more than twenty venues across twelve countries and stands as a landmark in the history of interactive media art.\n\nOther major works include *Drawn*, an installation that redeems the hand trace of drawing by creating animated works freed from the sensation of automatism, and *Mas Que la Cara*, a public art installation in Downtown Houston that augments participants' faces with dynamically generated masks responding to their movements. His work has been exhibited at major institutions including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York, the Exploratorium in San Francisco, and the Museum of Digital Art (MuDA) in Zurich.\n\n## The EyeWriter and Social Practice\n\nOf all his projects, Lieberman has said that the EyeWriter holds the most personal value. Developed in 2009 with James Powderly, Evan Roth, Chris Sugrue, Theo Watson, and Tony TEMPT1 Quan, the EyeWriter is a low-cost, open-source eye-tracking system that enables people with paralysis to draw using only their gaze. The project was originally created to help the legendary graffiti artist TEMPT1, who was suffering from ALS, to paint again. Using a modified PlayStation Eye camera, infrared LEDs, and openFrameworks-based software, the team built a device that cost approximately fifty dollars, a fraction of the price of proprietary medical systems. TEMPT1's drawings were projected in real time onto buildings throughout Los Angeles, and the project won the Golden Nica in Interactive Art at Prix Ars Electronica in 2010, as well as being listed among Time Magazine's Best Inventions of the Year. The EyeWriter entered the permanent collection of MoMA and has been exhibited there multiple times, including in the landmark *Talk to Me* exhibition in 2011 and *This Is for Everyone: Design Experiments for the Common Good* in 2015-2016.\n\n## Pedagogy and Institutional Life\n\nIn 2013, after a decade of teaching at Parsons, Lieberman co-founded the School for Poetic Computation (SFPC) in New York, an artist-run school offering low-cost, intensive ten-week sessions that function as a hybrid of artist residency and seminar. At SFPC, students and faculty explore the intersections of code, design, hardware, and theory, with a particular emphasis on artistic intervention and the lyrical possibilities of computation. He currently serves as an adjunct associate professor at MIT's Media Lab, where he leads the Future Sketches research group, continuing to investigate the essence of code as a creative medium.\n\nHis influence extends through the countless artists, students, and practitioners who have learned to think about code as a creative language through his teaching and his generosity in sharing ideas. Lieberman has been named one of Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People in Business and has received numerous awards including the Interactive Design of the Year from Design Museum London.\n\n## Box Light Studies in the AB[500]\n\nLieberman's contribution to the AB[500], *Box Light Studies*, consists of 100 editions of algorithmically generated light compositions. The series extends his long-standing fascination with how computational logic can generate organic, almost living visual phenomena, and how simple rules can evolve into complex, contemplative systems. Each output explores the behavior of light within bounded spaces, creating luminous geometries that feel simultaneously mathematical and poetic.\n\nThe variety grid above demonstrates the range of outputs across the collection, from tightly geometric arrangements to more diffuse, atmospheric compositions. The work reflects Lieberman's commitment to what he calls daily sketching, a practice of making small artworks with code that he has maintained since 2016, posting them to social media as a way of saying hello to the world. This way of working openly, as he describes it, has radically reshaped his thinking about making and has become a model for a generation of computational artists.\n\n## Off-Platform Canonical Works\n\nBeyond the Art Blocks ecosystem, Lieberman's canon includes major works that have shaped the field of interactive and generative art. *Circles, Blobs, Ripples*, exhibited at Unit London in 2024, focuses on the three motifs that have come to define his singular style, testament to his mastery over mathematical systems and his ability to create moments of quiet reflection and contemplation. The *Daily Sketches* project, begun in 2016, represents a deliberate turn away from the exhibition object as primary output, treating Instagram as an intimate studio journal rather than a marketing platform.\n\n## Legacy and Influence\n\nLieberman's influence on contemporary art and technology is difficult to overstate. Through openFrameworks, he helped build the infrastructure that enables thousands of artists to work with code; through the School for Poetic Computation, he has shaped the pedagogical model for alternative art education in the digital age; and through his daily practice of sharing sketches openly, he has modeled a way of being an artist online that prioritizes process over product and community over spectacle.\n\nHis work has been recognized with a Golden Nica from Ars Electronica, Interactive Design of the Year from Design Museum London, inclusion in Time Magazine's Best Inventions, and a place on Fast Company's list of the 100 Most Creative People in Business. Yet his significance arguably lies less in individual accolades than in the ecosystem he has helped cultivate: a global community of practitioners who have learned to think about code as a creative language through his tools, his teaching, and his example.",
  "images": [
    {
      "url": "/artists/zach-lieberman/img/eyewriter-moma.png",
      "title": "EyeWriter",
      "caption": "Zach Lieberman, James Powderly, Evan Roth, Chris Sugrue, Tony TEMPT1 Quan, Theo Watson, 2009openFrameworks and custom software, eyeglasses, PlayStation Eye camera, IR pass filter, IR LEDs, battery clip, resistor, zip ties, and flexible metal wireCollection: MoMA, New York. Exhibited in Talk to Me (2011) and This Is for Everyone (2015-2016).",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://media-proxy.artblocks.io/1/0xab0000000000aa06f89b268d604a9c1c41524ac6/499000000.png",
      "title": "Box Light Studies",
      "caption": "2024, token 0",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
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      "title": "Box Light Studies",
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      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
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      "title": "Box Light Studies",
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      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
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      "title": "Box Light Studies",
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      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
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      "title": "Box Light Studies",
      "caption": "2024, token 79",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
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      "title": "Box Light Studies",
      "caption": "2024, token 99",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
    },
    {
      "url": "/artists/zach-lieberman/img/circles-blobs-ripples-unit-london.png",
      "title": "Circles, Blobs, Ripples",
      "caption": "Zach Lieberman, 2024Installation view, Unit London, March 2024Source: Unit London / Courtesy the artist.",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
    },
    {
      "url": "/artists/zach-lieberman/img/daily-sketches-muda.png",
      "title": "Daily Sketches",
      "caption": "Zach Lieberman, 2016-ongoingExhibition view, MuDA Museum of Digital Art, Zurich, 2019Source: MuDA / Courtesy the artist.",
      "rights": "Not CC0 - Art Blocks render, property of the artist/holders"
    }
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "n": 1,
      "note": "MIT Media Lab, Future Sketches group overview.",
      "url": "https://www.media.mit.edu/people/zachl/overview/",
      "label": "MIT Media Lab"
    },
    {
      "n": 2,
      "note": "Vernissage TV, Zach Lieberman at MuDA Museum of Digital Art Zurich, exhibition walkthrough and interview with Co-Director Christian Etter, April 2019.",
      "url": "https://vernissage.tv/2019/04/24/zach-lieberman-at-muda-museum-of-digital-art-zurich/",
      "label": "vernissage.tv"
    },
    {
      "n": 3,
      "note": "Layer, In conversation with Zach Lieberman, interview by Justin Maller, August 2025.",
      "url": "https://layer.com/artists/zach-lieberman/interview",
      "label": "layer.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 4,
      "note": "openFrameworks, about the project and community.",
      "url": "https://openframeworks.cc/",
      "label": "openframeworks.cc"
    },
    {
      "n": 5,
      "note": "Layer, In conversation with Zach Lieberman, interview by Justin Maller, August 2025.",
      "url": "https://layer.com/artists/zach-lieberman/interview",
      "label": "layer.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 6,
      "note": "Ars Electronica, Prix Ars Electronica 2008, Honorary Mention for openFrameworks.",
      "url": "https://ars.electronica.art/prix/en/",
      "label": "ars.electronica.art"
    },
    {
      "n": 7,
      "note": "ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, Messa di Voce (2003) by Golan Levin and Zach Lieberman.",
      "url": "https://zkm.de/en/artwork/messa-di-voce",
      "label": "zkm.de"
    },
    {
      "n": 8,
      "note": "Zach Lieberman, project documentation on personal site.",
      "url": "http://zach.li/",
      "label": "zach.li"
    },
    {
      "n": 9,
      "note": "Gazelli Art House, Zach Lieberman overview.",
      "url": "https://gazelliarthouse.com/artists/346-zach-lieberman/overview/",
      "label": "gazelliarthouse.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 10,
      "note": "Design Observer, Chain Letters: Zachary Lieberman, interview, September 2018.",
      "url": "https://designobserver.com/chain-letters-zachary-lieberman/",
      "label": "designobserver.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 11,
      "note": "EyeWriter project documentation.",
      "url": "https://www.eyewriter.org/",
      "label": "eyewriter.org"
    },
    {
      "n": 12,
      "note": "Ars Electronica, Cutting Edge: The Power of the Gaze, Emiko Ogawa on the EyeWriter, 2025.",
      "url": "https://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2025/12/17/cutting-edge-the-power-of-the-gaze/",
      "label": "ars.electronica.art"
    },
    {
      "n": 13,
      "note": "SFPC, Zach Lieberman faculty page.",
      "url": "https://sfpc.io/people/zach-lieberman/",
      "label": "sfpc.io"
    },
    {
      "n": 14,
      "note": "MoMA, EyeWriter collection page, object number 777.2011.",
      "url": "https://www.moma.org/collection/works/145518",
      "label": "moma.org"
    },
    {
      "n": 15,
      "note": "School for Poetic Computation, about page.",
      "url": "https://sfpc.study/",
      "label": "sfpc.study"
    },
    {
      "n": 16,
      "note": "MIT Media Lab, Future Sketches group.",
      "url": "https://www.media.mit.edu/people/zachl/overview/",
      "label": "MIT Media Lab"
    },
    {
      "n": 17,
      "note": "Fast Company, 100 Most Creative People in Business 2010, Zachary Lieberman at number 36.",
      "url": "https://www.fastcompany.com/most-creative-people/2010",
      "label": "fastcompany.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 18,
      "note": "Art Blocks, Box Light Studies by Zach Lieberman collection page.",
      "url": "https://www.artblocks.io/collection/box-light-studies-by-zach-lieberman",
      "label": "artblocks.io"
    },
    {
      "n": 19,
      "note": "KIKK Festival, Zach Lieberman: working openly, talk, 2023.",
      "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2YfRRJch7A",
      "label": "youtube.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 20,
      "note": "Unit London, Zachary Lieberman: Circles, Blobs, Ripples exhibition, March 2024.",
      "url": "https://unitlondon.com/exhibitions/zachary-lieberman-circles-blobs-ripples/",
      "label": "unitlondon.com"
    },
    {
      "n": 21,
      "note": "ARTECHOUSE, All About Creative Coding Artist Zach Lieberman, January 2020.",
      "url": "https://www.artechouse.com/all-about-creative-coding-artist-zach-lieberman/",
      "label": "artechouse.com"
    }
  ],
  "bibliography": [
    {
      "category": "In the AB[500]: Art Blocks",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "Box Light Studies by Zach Lieberman, a collection of 100 algorithmically generated light compositions on the Art Blocks platform.",
          "url": "https://www.artblocks.io/collection/box-light-studies-by-zach-lieberman",
          "label": "artblocks.io",
          "meta": "collection · 2024"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Interviews",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "Layer magazine interviews Lieberman about his transition from printmaking to creative coding, the generosity of open-source communities, and the creation of openFrameworks.",
          "url": "https://layer.com/artists/zach-lieberman/interview",
          "label": "layer.com",
          "meta": "interview · 2025"
        },
        {
          "note": "Le Random publishes a conversation with Peter Bauman (Monk Antony) about generative art's relationship to music and its ability to evoke deep emotions.",
          "url": "https://www.lerandom.art/editorial/zach-lieberman",
          "label": "lerandom.art",
          "meta": "interview · 2023"
        },
        {
          "note": "Design Observer's Chain Letters series features Lieberman discussing design education, the EyeWriter project, and his most personally meaningful work.",
          "url": "https://designobserver.com/chain-letters-zachary-lieberman/",
          "label": "designobserver.com",
          "meta": "interview · 2018"
        },
        {
          "note": "AIGA Backstage presents Lieberman discussing his practice of making artwork through writing software and co-creating openFrameworks.",
          "url": "https://www.aiga.org/inspiration/talks/zach-lieberman-backstage-zach-lieberman",
          "label": "aiga.org",
          "meta": "interview · ongoing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Press and criticism",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "ARTECHOUSE profiles Lieberman as a creative coding artist, tracing his work from Flash and ActionScript to openFrameworks and the School for Poetic Computation.",
          "url": "https://www.artechouse.com/all-about-creative-coding-artist-zach-lieberman/",
          "label": "artechouse.com",
          "meta": "press · 2020"
        },
        {
          "note": "Fast Company names Zachary Lieberman number 36 in its 100 Most Creative People in Business list, recognizing his work with openFrameworks.",
          "url": "https://www.fastcompany.com/3018750/36-zachary-lieberman",
          "label": "fastcompany.com",
          "meta": "press · 2010"
        },
        {
          "note": "Improvised Life excerpts Lieberman's AIGA talk and his stepdaughter's book I Am Art, reflecting on the poetry of computation.",
          "url": "https://improvisedlife.com/2017/12/12/zach-liebermans-poetry-of-computation-words-to-live-by-from-a-six-year-old-i-am-art/",
          "label": "improvisedlife.com",
          "meta": "press · 2017"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Museums and institutions",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "MoMA acquires the EyeWriter (2009) for its Architecture and Design collection, object number 777.2011, exhibited in Talk to Me (2011) and This Is for Everyone (2015-2016).",
          "url": "https://www.moma.org/collection/works/145518",
          "label": "moma.org",
          "meta": "museum · 2011"
        },
        {
          "note": "ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe holds Messa di Voce (2003) by Golan Levin and Zach Lieberman in its collection.",
          "url": "https://zkm.de/en/artwork/messa-di-voce",
          "label": "zkm.de",
          "meta": "museum · 2003"
        },
        {
          "note": "M+ Museum in Hong Kong commissions Atlas of Blobs (2022) as part of its digital commissions series exploring the intersection of visual culture and technology.",
          "url": "https://www.mplus.org.hk/en/exhibitions/zachary-lieberman-atlas-of-blobs/",
          "label": "mplus.org.hk",
          "meta": "museum · 2022"
        },
        {
          "note": "MuDA Museum of Digital Art in Zurich dedicates a solo exhibition to Lieberman, featuring Sound AR, Suits, Expression Mirror, Drawn, Mas Que la Cara, and Daily Sketches.",
          "url": "https://vernissage.tv/2019/04/24/zach-lieberman-at-muda-museum-of-digital-art-zurich/",
          "label": "vernissage.tv",
          "meta": "museum · 2019"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Galleries and exhibitions",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "Unit London presents Circles, Blobs, Ripples, a solo exhibition focusing on the three motifs that define Lieberman's singular style.",
          "url": "https://unitlondon.com/exhibitions/zachary-lieberman-circles-blobs-ripples/",
          "label": "unitlondon.com",
          "meta": "gallery · 2024"
        },
        {
          "note": "Gazelli Art House presents Lieberman's Circle Stripe series as part of its GAZELL.iO digital art program, marking the gallery's 100th residency.",
          "url": "https://gazell.io/collections/zach-lieberman-stripe-circles",
          "label": "gazell.io",
          "meta": "gallery · 2024"
        },
        {
          "note": "KONIG GALERIE includes Lieberman in The Artist Is Online, a virtual exhibition in Decentraland presenting digital paintings and sculptures in a virtual world.",
          "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VyGfjUkGrk",
          "label": "youtube.com",
          "meta": "gallery · 2021"
        },
        {
          "note": "Verse gallery in London presents Lieberman's digital art NFTs on LED screens, showcasing the growing field of NFT art.",
          "url": "https://verse.works/zach-lieberman",
          "label": "verse.works",
          "meta": "gallery · 2021"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Essays, talks and podcasts",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "KIKK Festival hosts Lieberman's talk Working Openly, exploring how daily sketching has reshaped his practice and how small things become big things.",
          "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2YfRRJch7A",
          "label": "youtube.com",
          "meta": "talk · 2023"
        },
        {
          "note": "Frieze publishes a video of Lieberman's work Another Copy 6, noting his Fast Company recognition and Golden Nica award.",
          "url": "http://www.frieze.com/video/watch-zach-lieberman-another-copy-6",
          "label": "frieze.com",
          "meta": "video · ongoing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Auctions and catalogues",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "NFT Price Floor aggregates market data for Lieberman's four NFT collections, tracking market cap and price floors across platforms.",
          "url": "https://nftpricefloor.com/top-nft-artists/zach-lieberman",
          "label": "nftpricefloor.com",
          "meta": "auction data · ongoing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Profiles and archives",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "MIT Media Lab profiles Lieberman as adjunct associate professor and head of the Future Sketches group, exploring code as a creative medium.",
          "url": "https://www.media.mit.edu/people/zachl/overview/",
          "label": "media.mit.edu",
          "meta": "profile · ongoing"
        },
        {
          "note": "School for Poetic Computation archives Lieberman's faculty page, noting his residencies at Ars Electronica Futurelab, Eyebeam, and the Hangar Center for the Arts.",
          "url": "https://sfpc.io/people/zach-lieberman/",
          "label": "sfpc.io",
          "meta": "profile · archival"
        },
        {
          "note": "Gazelli Art House provides an overview of Lieberman's career, noting his Golden Nica award and MoMA exhibitions.",
          "url": "https://gazelliarthouse.com/artists/346-zach-lieberman/overview/",
          "label": "gazelliarthouse.com",
          "meta": "profile · 2020"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "Video",
      "entries": [
        {
          "note": "Vernissage TV produces an exhibition walkthrough and interview with MuDA Co-Director Christian Etter about the Lieberman solo show in Zurich.",
          "url": "https://vernissage.tv/2019/04/24/zach-lieberman-at-muda-museum-of-digital-art-zurich/",
          "label": "vernissage.tv",
          "meta": "video · 2019"
        },
        {
          "note": "Ars Electronica publishes Emiko Ogawa's reflection on the EyeWriter as a cutting-edge project, including documentary footage of TEMPT1 drawing with his eyes.",
          "url": "https://ars.electronica.art/aeblog/en/2025/12/17/cutting-edge-the-power-of-the-gaze/",
          "label": "ars.electronica.art",
          "meta": "video · 2025"
        }
      ]
    }
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    "note": "Editor removed one future-dated (2028) Nguyen Wahed claim and its footnote; renumbered to 21."
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